. oraenv
      PPRD

   . oraenv
      PPRD2

   select name,instance_name,database_role,status,open_mode from v$instance,v$database;

   . oraenv
      PPRD
   sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
   create spfile from pfile;
   shutdown immediate
   startup
   exit

   . oraenv
      PPRD
   sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
   select force_logging from v$database;
   alter database force logging;

   archive log list
      should show:
         Database log mode    Archive Mode
         Automatic archival   Enabled
   If the database is not in ARCHIVELOG mode:
      If you are using an spfile:
         alter system set log_archive_dest = '/orcl/oradata/PPRD/archivelogs' scope = spfile;
         alter system set log_archive_format = 'arch_PPRD_%S.arc' scope = spfile;
         alter system set log_archive_start = true scope = spfile;
      Else, if you are using a pfile:
         edit the $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initPPRD.ora file to contain:
            log_archive_dest = /orcl/oradata/PPRD/archivelogs
            log_archive_format = arch_PPRD_%S.arc
            log_archive_start = true
      shutdown immediate
      startup mount
      alter database archivelog;
      alter database open;
      archive log list

   select records_used "Current Groups",records_total "Max Groups",
      decode(sign(records_total-(records_used*2+1)),-1,LPAD('YES',21),LPAD('NO',21))
      "Recreate MAXLOGFILES?"
      from v$controlfile_record_section where type = 'REDO LOG';

   alter database backup controlfile to trace;
   select value from v$parameter where name = 'user_dump_dest';
   !ls -ltr /pgms/oradata/PPRD/udump | tail
   !vi /pgms/oradata/PPRD/udump/pprd_ora_475358.trc
      Edit the latest .trc (textual control) file and remove all lines before the
      STARTUP NOMOUNT line, change the maxlogfiles value from, say, 6 to 10, comment
      out (put # in front of) the RECOVER command, and, for Oracle 9i and above,
      remove the lines after ALTER DATABASE OPEN, or, if present, ALTER TABLESPACE
      TEMP ADD TEMPFILE, and change all comment lines to start with dashes.  The vi
      commands to do these (for 9i+) are usually:
         :1,/STARTUP NOMOUNT/-1d
         :/MAXLOGFILES/s/6/10/
         :/RECOVER DATABASE/s/^/# /
         :/ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP/+2,$d
         :1,$s/^#/--/
         :wq
   shutdown immediate
   @/pgms/oradata/PPRD/udump/pprd_ora_475358.trc

  (SID_DESC=
   (SID_NAME=PPRD2)
   (ORACLE_HOME=/pgms/oracle/product/v9203)
  )

      myserver_pprd2 = 
         (DESCRIPTION = 
         (ADDRESS_LIST = 
             (ADDRESS = 
               (PROTOCOL = TCP)
               (Host = 234.56.78.90) -- whatever host IP has PPRD2
               (Port = 1521)
             )
         )
         (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = PPRD2)
         )
       )

   sqlnet.expire_time=2

   PPRD2:/pgms/oracle/product/v9203:N

   On the primary database:
      select distinct 'mkdir -p ' ||
         replace(substr(file_name,1,instr(file_name,'/',-1)-1),'/PPRD','/PPRD2')
         from dba_data_files
      union
      select distinct 'mkdir -p ' || replace(value,'/PPRD/','/PPRD2/') from v$parameter
         where (name in ('background_dump_dest','user_dump_dest','core_dump_dest',
         'audit_file_dest') or name like 'log_archive_dest%')
         and name not like 'log_archive_dest_state%' and value is not null;
   Run the resulting unix commands on the standby's site, for example for this
   local standby:
      host
      mkdir -p /data/oradata/PPRD2
      mkdir -p /ndxs/oradata/PPRD2
      mkdir -p /orcl/oradata/PPRD2/archivelogs
      mkdir -p /pgms/oradata/PPRD2/audit
      mkdir -p /pgms/oradata/PPRD2/bdump
      mkdir -p /pgms/oradata/PPRD2/cdump
      mkdir -p /pgms/oradata/PPRD2/udump
      exit

   set pagesize 0 recsep off linesize 160 trimspool on feedback off
   spool cp_standby.shl
   select 'cp -p ' || name || ' ' || replace(name,'/PPRD/','/PPRD2/') from v$datafile
      order by substr(name,instr(name,'/',-1));
   spool off
   !cat cp_standby.shl | sed '/^[^c][^p]/d' >cp_standbyx.shl; mv cp_standbyx.shl cp_standby.shl

   If you are using an spfile:
      create pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initPPRD2.ora' from spfile;
   Else, if you are using a pfile:
      !cp -p $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initPPRD.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initPPRD2.ora

   control_files = (/orcl/oradata/PPRD2/ctrl_PPRD_01.ctl,
      /pgms/oradata/PPRD2/ctrl_PPRD_02.ctl)  # [3.2.6]
   background_dump_dest = /pgms/oradata/PPRD2/bdump  # [3.2.6]
   core_dump_dest = /pgms/oradata/PPRD2/cdump  # [3.2.6]
   user_dump_dest = /pgms/oradata/PPRD2/udump  # [3.2.6]
   audit_file_dest = /pgms/oradata/PPRD2/audit  # [3.2.6]
   #log_archive_dest = /orcl/oradata/PPRD2/archivelogs
   log_archive_dest_1 = 'LOCATION=/orcl/oradata/PPRD2/archivelogs MANDATORY'  # [3.1.2,3.2.6,5.4.2,5.8.2.2,12]; for switchover
   log_archive_dest_state_1 = ENABLE  # [5.8.2.2]; for switchover
   log_archive_dest_2 = 'SERVICE=myserver_pprd LGWR SYNC'  # [5.7,5.8.2.2,12]; for switchover
   log_archive_dest_state_2 = ENABLE  # [5.8.2.2]; for switchover
   standby_archive_dest = /orcl/oradata/PPRD2/archivelogs  # [3.2.6,5.4.2,5.8.2.2]
   standby_file_management = AUTO  # [3.2.6,5.8.2.2]; or MANUAL for raw devices [8.4.1.2]
   remote_archive_enable = TRUE  # [3.2.6,5.3.2.1,5.8.2.2]; TRUE or RECEIVE, but must change RECEIVE to SEND on switchover
   instance_name = PPRD2  # [3.2.6]
   lock_name_space = PPRD2  # [3.2.6]; use when primary and standby on same system; same as instance_name
   fal_server = myserver_pprd  # [5.8.2.2,6.4.4]
   fal_client = myserver_pprd2  # [5.8.2.2,6.4.4]
   db_file_name_convert = ('/PPRD/','/PPRD2/')  # [3.2.6,5.8.2.2]
   log_file_name_convert = ('/PPRD/','/PPRD2/')  # [3.2.6,5.8.2.2]
   # log_archive_trace = 15  # [5.8.2.4.5,6.7.3]; to see progression of archiving of redo logs to the standby site
   audit_trail = false  # do not have auditing turned on in a standby database - can't audit to read-only database!

   shutdown normal

   !sh cp_standby.shl

   startup
   select replace(value,'/PPRD/','/PPRD2/') from v$parameter where name = 'control_files';
   alter database create standby controlfile as '/orcl/oradata/PPRD2/ctrl_PPRD_01.ctl';
   exit

   cp -p /orcl/oradata/PPRD2/ctrl_PPRD_01.ctl /pgms/oradata/PPRD2/ctrl_PPRD_02.ctl

   lsnrctl reload

   lsnrctl reload

   rm $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwPPRD2
   orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwPPRD2 password=<sys password> entries=5

   . oraenv
      PPRD2
   sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
   create spfile from pfile;
   startup nomount
   alter database mount standby database;
   alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
   exit

   #log_archive_dest = /orcl/oradata/PPRD/archivelogs
   log_archive_dest_1 = 'LOCATION=/orcl/oradata/PPRD/archivelogs MANDATORY'  # [3.1.2,5.8.2.1,12]
   log_archive_dest_state_1 = ENABLE  # [5.8.2.1]
   log_archive_dest_2 = 'SERVICE=myserver_pprd2 LGWR SYNC'  # [3.2.14,5.4.1,5.7,5.8.2.1,12]
   log_archive_dest_state_2 = ENABLE  # [3.2.14,5.4.1,5.8.2.1]
   standby_archive_dest = /orcl/oradata/PPRD/archivelogs  # [5.8.2.1]; for switchover
   standby_file_management = AUTO  # [5.8.2.1]; for switchover; or MANUAL for raw devices [8.4.1.2]
   remote_archive_enable = TRUE  # [5.3.2.1,5.8.2.1]; TRUE or SEND, but must change SEND to RECEIVE on switchover
   instance_name = PPRD  # [3.2.6]
   lock_name_space = PPRD  # [3.2.6]; use when primary and standby on same system; same as instance_name
   fal_server = myserver_pprd2  # [5.8.2.1,6.4.4]; for switchover
   fal_client = myserver_pprd  # [5.8.2.1,6.4.4]; for switchover
   db_file_name_convert = ('/PPRD2/','/PPRD/')  # [5.8.2.1]; for switchover
   log_file_name_convert = ('/PPRD2/','/PPRD/')  # [5.8.2.1]; for switchover
   # log_archive_trace = 15  # [5.8.2.4.5,6.7.3]; to see progression of archiving of redo logs to the standby site

   . oraenv
      PPRD
   If you are using an spfile (the first alter system command removes log_archive_dest
   from the spfile; for a description of the others, see the pfile initPPRD.ora above):
      sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
      shutdown normal
      startup nomount
      alter system reset log_archive_dest scope=spfile sid='*';
      alter system set log_archive_dest_1 = 'LOCATION=/orcl/oradata/PPRD/archivelogs MANDATORY' scope=spfile;
      alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1 = ENABLE scope=spfile;
      alter system set log_archive_dest_2 = 'SERVICE=myserver_pprd2 LGWR SYNC' scope=spfile;
      alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = ENABLE scope=spfile;
      alter system set standby_archive_dest = '/orcl/oradata/PPRD/archivelogs' scope=spfile;
      alter system set standby_file_management = AUTO scope=spfile;
      alter system set remote_archive_enable = TRUE scope=spfile;
      alter system set instance_name = PPRD scope=spfile;
      alter system set lock_name_space = PPRD scope=spfile;
      alter system set fal_server = myserver_pprd2 scope=spfile;
      alter system set fal_client = myserver_pprd scope=spfile;
      alter system set db_file_name_convert = '/PPRD2/','/PPRD/' scope=spfile;
      alter system set log_file_name_convert = '/PPRD2/','/PPRD/' scope=spfile;
      # alter system set log_archive_trace = 15 scope=spfile;
      shutdown
      startup
   Else, if you are using a pfile:
      sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
      shutdown normal
      startup

   alter system switch logfile;

   On the primary database:
      column o1 noprint
      column o2 noprint
      column maxgroup new_value maxgroup
      select max(group#) maxgroup from v$logfile;
      select group# o1,1 o2,'alter database add standby logfile group ' ||
            to_char(group#+&maxgroup) || ' ('
            from v$log
         union all
         select group#,2,'   ''' || replace(replace(member,group#,group#+&maxgroup),
            'PPRD/','PPRD2/stby_') || ''','
            from v$logfile lf1 where member not in (select max(member) from v$logfile lf2
            where lf1.group# = lf2.group#)
         union all
         select l1.group#,3,'   ''' || replace(replace(member,l1.group#,l1.group#+&maxgroup),
            'PPRD/','PPRD2/stby_') || ''') size ' || bytes / 1024 || 'K;'
            from v$logfile lf1,v$log l1 where lf1.group# = l1.group#
            and member = (select max(member) from v$logfile lf2 where lf1.group# = lf2.group#)
         union all
         select group#+1,1,'alter database add standby logfile group ' ||
            to_char(group#+1+&maxgroup) || ' (' from v$log
            where group# = &maxgroup
         union all
         select group#+1,2,'   ''' || replace(replace(member,group#,group#+1+&maxgroup),
            'PPRD/','PPRD2/stby_') || ''',' from v$logfile lf1 where group# = &maxgroup
            and member not in (select max(member) from v$logfile lf2 where lf1.group# = lf2.group#)
         union all
         select l1.group#+1,3,'   ''' || replace(replace(member,l1.group#,l1.group#+1+&maxgroup),
            'PPRD/','PPRD2/stby_') || ''') size ' || bytes / 1024 || 'K;'
            from v$logfile lf1,v$log l1 where lf1.group# = l1.group#
            and l1.group# = &maxgroup
            and member = (select max(member) from v$logfile lf2 where lf1.group# = lf2.group#)
         order by 1,2,3;
      exit
   On the standby database, run the resulting sql from the above. (Note: This can't be done
   until after archiving has been started by issuing "alter system switch logfile;" on the
   primary.):
      . oraenv
         PPRD2
      sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
      alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
      alter database open read only;
      alter database add standby logfile group 4 (
         '/orcl/oradata/PPRD2/stby_log_PPRD_4A.rdo',
         '/orcl/oradata/PPRD2/stby_log_PPRD_4B.rdo') size 4096K;
      alter database add standby logfile group 5 (
         '/orcl/oradata/PPRD2/stby_log_PPRD_5A.rdo',
         '/orcl/oradata/PPRD2/stby_log_PPRD_5B.rdo') size 4096K;
      alter database add standby logfile group 6 (
         '/orcl/oradata/PPRD2/stby_log_PPRD_6A.rdo',
         '/orcl/oradata/PPRD2/stby_log_PPRD_6B.rdo') size 4096K;
      alter database add standby logfile group 7 (
         '/orcl/oradata/PPRD2/stby_log_PPRD_7A.rdo',
         '/orcl/oradata/PPRD2/stby_log_PPRD_7B.rdo') size 4096K;
      column member format a55
      select vs.group#,vs.bytes,vl.member from v$standby_log vs,v$logfile vl
         where vs.group# = vl.group# order by vs.group#,vl.member;

   alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/data/oradata/PPRD2/temp_PPRD_01.dbf'
      size 400064K reuse;
   alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
   select * from v$tempfile;
   exit

   . oraenv
      PPRD
   sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
   column o1 noprint
   column o2 noprint
   column maxgroup new_value maxgroup
   select max(group#) maxgroup from v$logfile;
   select group# o1,1 o2,'alter database add standby logfile group ' ||
         to_char(group#+&maxgroup) || ' ('
         from v$log
      union all
      select group#,2,'   ''' || replace(replace(member,group#,group#+&maxgroup),
         'PPRD/','PPRD/stby_') || ''','
         from v$logfile lf1 where member not in (select max(member) from v$logfile lf2
         where lf1.group# = lf2.group#)
      union all
      select l1.group#,3,'   ''' || replace(replace(member,l1.group#,l1.group#+&maxgroup),
         'PPRD/','PPRD/stby_') || ''') size ' || bytes / 1024 || 'K;'
         from v$logfile lf1,v$log l1 where lf1.group# = l1.group#
         and member = (select max(member) from v$logfile lf2 where lf1.group# = lf2.group#)
      union all
      select group#+1,1,'alter database add standby logfile group ' ||
         to_char(group#+1+&maxgroup) || ' (' from v$log
         where group# = &maxgroup
      union all
      select group#+1,2,'   ''' || replace(replace(member,group#,group#+1+&maxgroup),
         'PPRD/','PPRD/stby_') || ''',' from v$logfile lf1 where group# = &maxgroup
         and member not in (select max(member) from v$logfile lf2 where lf1.group# = lf2.group#)
      union all
      select l1.group#+1,3,'   ''' || replace(replace(member,l1.group#,l1.group#+1+&maxgroup),
         'PPRD/','PPRD/stby_') || ''') size ' || bytes / 1024 || 'K;'
         from v$logfile lf1,v$log l1 where lf1.group# = l1.group#
         and l1.group# = &maxgroup
         and member = (select max(member) from v$logfile lf2 where lf1.group# = lf2.group#)
      order by 1,2,3;
   Run the resulting sql from the above, for example:
   alter database add standby logfile group 4 (
      '/orcl/oradata/PPRD/stby_log_PPRD_4A.rdo',
      '/orcl/oradata/PPRD/stby_log_PPRD_4B.rdo') size 4096K;
   alter database add standby logfile group 5 (
      '/orcl/oradata/PPRD/stby_log_PPRD_5A.rdo',
      '/orcl/oradata/PPRD/stby_log_PPRD_5B.rdo') size 4096K;
   alter database add standby logfile group 6 (
      '/orcl/oradata/PPRD/stby_log_PPRD_6A.rdo',
      '/orcl/oradata/PPRD/stby_log_PPRD_6B.rdo') size 4096K;
   alter database add standby logfile group 7 (
      '/orcl/oradata/PPRD/stby_log_PPRD_7A.rdo',
      '/orcl/oradata/PPRD/stby_log_PPRD_7B.rdo') size 4096K;
   column member format a55
   select vs.group#,vs.bytes,vl.member from v$standby_log vs,v$logfile vl
      where vs.group# = vl.group# order by vs.group#,vl.member;

   alter session set nls_date_format = 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS';
   select sysdate from dual;
   alter system switch logfile;
   !ls -ltr /orcl/oradata/PPRD2/archivelogs
     You should see the archive logs that were received by the standby.
   !tail /pgms/oradata/PPRD2/bdump/alert_PPRD2.log
     You should see a message in the standby alert log such as:
       Media Recovery Log /orcl/oradata/PPRD2/archivelogs/arch_PPRD_0000002866.arc
   On the standby (8.5.3.1):
     select process,status,thread#,sequence#,block#,blocks from v$managed_standby;

   On the standby, see what logs are already there:
      alter session set nls_date_format = 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS';
      select sequence#, first_time, next_time, archived, applied
         from v$archived_log order by sequence#;
   On the primary, force a log switch:
      alter system archive log current;
   On the standby, see the new logs and if they have been applied (may need to wait
   a few seconds before they are applied):
      select sequence#, first_time, next_time, archived, applied
         from v$archived_log order by sequence#;
   On the primary, you can also see the new logs and if the standby has acknowledged
   that they've been applied (again, may need to wait a few seconds before they
   are acknowledged):
      column name format a15
      select name,sequence#, first_time, next_time, archived, applied
         from v$archived_log where name not like '%/%' order by sequence#;

   . oraenv
      PPRD
   sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
   select value from v$parameter where name = 'log_archive_dest_2';
   shutdown normal
      (If that hangs, then do: shutdown immediate, startup, shutdown normal)
   startup mount
   alter database set standby database to maximize availability;
   alter database open;
   select protection_mode from v$database;

   ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel

   exit
   sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
   startup mount
   alter database set standby database to maximize performance;
   alter database open;

   On the primary:
      update spriden set spriden_first_name = 'James'
         where spriden_pidm = 1234 and spriden_change_ind is null;
      commit;
      alter system switch logfile;
   On the standby (may take a few seconds for the change to be applied):
      select name,instance_name,database_role,status,open_mode from v$instance,v$database;
      alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
      alter database open read only;
      select name,instance_name,database_role,status,open_mode from v$instance,v$database;
      set pagesize 60
      select * from spriden where spriden_pidm = 1234 and spriden_change_ind is null;
      alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
      select name,instance_name,database_role,status,open_mode from v$instance,v$database;
   On the primary:
      update spriden set spriden_first_name = 'Stephen' where spriden_pidm = 1234
         and spriden_change_ind is null;
      commit;
      alter system switch logfile;
   On the standby:
      alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
      alter database open read only;
      set pagesize 60
      select * from spriden where spriden_pidm = 1234 and spriden_change_ind is null;
      alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

   sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
   alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
   alter database open read only;
   connect myuserid/mypassword
   @myreport.sql
   connect / as sysdba
   alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

   alter session set nls_date_format = 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS';
   select sequence#, first_change#, next_change#, first_time, next_time
      from v$archived_log where applied = 'NO' order by sequence#;

  ORA-01552: cannot use system rollback segment for non-system tablespace

   alter system switch logfile;

   Start the standby databases and listeners before starting the primary database.
   Shut down the primary database (or defer sending transactions to the standby)
   before shutting down the standby database.

   If standby is currently in read-only access, terminate any active user sessions (run
   the resulting SQL and commands generated below) and switch back to managed recovery:
      select open_mode from v$database;
      select 'alter system kill session ''' || sid || ',' || serial# || ''';'
         from v$session where username is not null
         and sid not in (select distinct sid from v$mystat);
      select '!kill -9 ' || vp.spid
         from v$session vs,v$process vp where vs.paddr = vp.addr
         and vs.username is not null
         and vs.sid not in (select distinct sid from v$mystat);
      alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
   Then, cancel managed recovery (but see Note below):
      select * from v$standby_log;
         Should show all standby logs with a status of UNASSIGNED if archiving is
         deferred (otherwise, the primary database is still sending transactions
         to the standby - but this isn't always the case).
      alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
      shutdown immediate
   Note: Before canceling managed recovery on the standby, it is suggested that you defer
   archiving to the standby by doing the following on the primary.  However, trying to
   start up a primary database while archiving to the standby is set to "defer" causes an
   "ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel" error (see further down below for
   how to start up the primary if you encounter this problem).  So, until this startup
   problem is addressed and resolved by Oracle, don't defer archiving.
      alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = DEFER;
      alter system switch logfile;

   On the standby (note: on startup, you will get the message: "ORA-01666: controlfile
   is for a standby database"):
      startup nomount
      alter database mount standby database;
      alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
   On the primary, re-enable archiving to the standby database, if needed:
      alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = ENABLE;
      alter system switch logfile;

   startup nomount
   alter database mount standby database;
   alter database open read only;

   alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
   alter database open read only;

   Terminate any active user sessions on the standby database (except your own):
      select 'alter system kill session ''' || sid || ',' || serial# || ''';'
         from v$session where username is not null
         and sid not in (select distinct sid from v$mystat);
      select '!kill -9 ' || vp.spid
         from v$session vs,v$process vp where vs.paddr = vp.addr
         and vs.username is not null
         and vs.sid not in (select distinct sid from v$mystat);
   alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

   select decode(database_role,'PRIMARY','PRIMARY',decode(open_mode,
      'MOUNTED',decode((select count(*) from v$managed_standby
         where process like 'MRP%'),0,'CANCELLED','MANAGED RECOVERY'),
      'READ ONLY','READ ONLY','UNKNOWN')) from v$database;

   End all activities on the primary and standby database [7.1.2.1], probably just
   doing on the primary database (PPRD):
      select 'alter system kill session ''' || sid || ',' || serial# || ''';'
         from v$session where username is not null
         and sid not in (select distinct sid from v$mystat);
      select '!kill -9 ' || vp.spid
         from v$session vs,v$process vp where vs.paddr = vp.addr
         and vs.username is not null
         and vs.sid not in (select distinct sid from v$mystat);
   Check primary database (PPRD) switchover status (on primary; looking for
   "TO STANDBY"; but mine said "SESSIONS ACTIVE" (my sysdba session)) [7.2.1.1]:
      select database_role,switchover_status from v$database;
   Initiate switchover operation on the primary database (PPRD) [7.2.1.2]:
      alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;
   Shut down and restart the former primary instance (PPRD) as the new standby [7.2.1.3]:
      shutdown immediate
      if remote_archive_enable is set to SEND in the primary's init.ora file
      (initPPRD.ora), change it to RECEIVE:
         If you are using an spfile (do this after the startup below):
            alter system set remote_archive_enable = RECEIVE scope = both;
         Else, if you are using a pfile:
            remote_archive_enable = RECEIVE
      if audit_trail is set to anything but FALSE in the primary's init.ora file
      (initPPRD.ora), change it to FALSE:
         If you are using an spfile (do this after the startup below):
            alter system set audit_trail = FALSE scope = both;
         Else, if you are using a pfile:
            audit_trail = FALSE
      if log_archive_dest_state_2 is set to ENABLE in the primary's init.ora file
      (initPPRD.ora), change it to DEFER (on pre-10g databases; added 8/23/07):
         If you are using an spfile (do this after the startup below):
            alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = DEFER scope = both;
         Else, if you are using a pfile:
            log_archive_dest_state_2 = DEFER
      startup nomount
      alter database mount standby database;
   Check standby database (PPRD2) switchover status (on standby; looking for
   "SWITCHOVER PENDING"; but mine said "TO PRIMARY") [7.2.1.4]:
      select database_role,switchover_status from v$database;
   Change the former standby instance (PPRD2) to the primary role, shut down, and
   restart [7.2.1.5-6]:
      alter database commit to switchover to primary;
      shutdown normal
      if remote_archive_enable is set to RECEIVE in the standby's init.ora file
      (initPPRD2.ora), change it to SEND:
         If you are using an spfile (do this after the startup below):
            alter system set remote_archive_enable = SEND scope = both;
         Else, if you are using a pfile:
            remote_archive_enable = SEND
      if audit_trail needs to be turned on for this "new" primary, change it
      to TRUE (or whatever setting is needed) in the standby's init.ora file
      (initPPRD2.ora):
         If you are using an spfile (do this after the startup below):
            alter system set audit_trail = TRUE scope = both;
         Else, if you are using a pfile:
            audit_trail = TRUE
      if log_archive_dest_state_2 is set to DEFER in the standby's init.ora file
      (initPPRD2.ora), change it to ENABLE (on pre-10g databases; added 8/23/07):
         If you are using an spfile (do this after the startup below):
            alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = ENABLE scope = both;
         Else, if you are using a pfile:
            log_archive_dest_state_2 = ENABLE
      startup
      select name,instance_name,database_role,status,open_mode from v$instance,v$database;
   Start managed recovery on the new standby (on old primary) (PPRD) [7.2.1.7]:
      alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
      select name,instance_name,database_role,status,open_mode from v$instance,v$database;
   Write the current archive log on the new primary (on old standby) (PPRD2) [7.2.1.8]:
      alter system archive log current;
   Change tnsnames.ora entry on all application hosts (T:\APPS\ban6\orawin\NET80\ADMIN)
   to point to the new primary (PPRD2) (or, just tell the users to use myserver_pprd2 as
   the database to log into - make sure myserver_pprd2 is defined in the tnsnames.ora
   file on the network; but, see "Multiple tnsnames addresses" for another option) [10.1.1]:
      myserver_pprd = 
         (DESCRIPTION = 
         (ADDRESS_LIST = 
             (ADDRESS = 
               (PROTOCOL = TCP)
               (Host = 234.56.78.90) -- whatever host IP has PPRD2
               (Port = 1521)
             )
         )
         (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = PPRD2) -- the new primary (old standby)
         )
       )
      myserver_pprd2 = 
         (DESCRIPTION = 
         (ADDRESS_LIST = 
             (ADDRESS = 
               (PROTOCOL = TCP)
               (Host = 123.45.67.89) -- whatever host IP has PPRD
               (Port = 1521)
             )
         )
         (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = PPRD) -- the new standby (old primary)
         )
       )

   If running in maximum protection mode [7.1.3.1]:
      select protection_mode from v$database;
      alter database set standby database to maximize performance;
   See if any archived redo log gaps exist [7.2.2.1.1]:
      select thread#,low_sequence#,high_sequence# from v$archive_gap;
   If any gaps exist:
      Copy or transfer all missing archive logs from the primary system to the
      standby system; then, for each (substituting filename):
         alter database register physical logfile 'filename';
   See if other missing archived redo logs exist (this actually refers to looking
   at other standby sites, but, this can also be done on a single standby if you
   could get the archive logs off the failed primary site) [7.2.2.1.2]:
      select unique thread# as thread, max(sequence#) over (partition by thread#)
         as last from v$archived_log;
      !ls -ltr /orcl/oradata/PPRD/archivelogs | tail
   If missing sequences are found:
      Copy or transfer all missing archive logs from the other standby systems
      to the first standby system; then, for each (substituting filename):
         alter database register physical logfile 'filename';
   Repeat steps 7.2.2.1.1 and 7.2.2.1.2 until no gaps remain [7.2.2.1.3].
   Initiate failover operation on the standby database [7.2.2.1.4].  If the standby
   database has standby redo logs and you have not manually registered any partial
   archived redo logs, issue the following statement:
      alter database recover managed standby database finish;
   Otherwise, issue the following statement:
      alter database recover managed standby database finish skip standby logfiles;
   Then, convert the standby database to the primary role [7.2.2.1.5]:
      alter database commit to switchover to primary;
      shutdown immediate
         (You might want to make a backup of this new primary database now, just in
         case you have to recover it before the primary site is fixed and back up and
         running.)
      if audit_trail needs to be turned on for this "new" primary, change it
      to TRUE (or whatever setting is needed) in the standby's init.ora file
      (initPPRD2.ora):
         If you are using an spfile (do this after the startup below):
            alter system set audit_trail = TRUE scope = both;
         Else, if you are using a pfile:
            audit_trail = TRUE
      startup
      select name,instance_name,database_role,status,open_mode from v$instance,v$database;
   Change tnsnames.ora entry on all application hosts (T:\APPS\ban6\orawin\NET80\ADMIN)
   to point to the new primary (PPRD2) (or, just tell the users to use myserver_pprd2 as
   the database to log into - make sure myserver_pprd2 is defined in the tnsnames.ora
   file on the network; but, see "Multiple tnsnames addresses" for another option) [10.1.1]:
      myserver_pprd = 
         (DESCRIPTION = 
         (ADDRESS_LIST = 
             (ADDRESS = 
               (PROTOCOL = TCP)
               (Host = 234.56.78.90) -- whatever host IP has PPRD2
               (Port = 1521)
             )
         )
         (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = PPRD2) -- the new primary (old standby)
         )
       )
   When the hardware or other problem is corrected, create a new "standby" database
   on the primary site (as shown above), then do a switchover (also as shown above),
   resulting in the primary database being back on the primary site, and the standby
   database being on the standby site.

   alter session set nls_date_format = 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS';
   set recsep off
   column message format a59
   select timestamp,message from v$dataguard_status;

   connect / as sysdba
   startup nomount
   column name format a25
   column value format a52
   select name,value from v$parameter where name like 'log_archive_dest_%';
   alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=ENABLE scope=both;
   alter database mount;
   alter database open;
   alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=DEFER scope=both;

   connect / as sysdba
   startup mount
   alter database set standby database to maximize performance;
   alter database open;

   sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
   shutdown immediate
   startup mount
   alter database set standby database to maximize availability;
   alter database open;

   alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
   alter database create datafile '/data/oradata/PPRD2/devl_PPRD_02.dbf';
   alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

   grep -v "/[^/]*${BACKUP_SID}[^/].*/"

   replace:
      find / -name "*${BACKUP_SID}*" ! -type d 2>/dummy |
         egrep '(\.ora$|\.dbf$|\.ctl$|\.rdo$)' | sort -t/ -k3 >backup_list.lst
   with:
      find / -name "*${BACKUP_SID}*" ! -type d 2>/dummy |
         grep -v "/[^/]*${BACKUP_SID}[^/].*/" |
         egrep '(\.ora$|\.dbf$|\.ctl$|\.rdo$)' | sort -t/ -k3 >backup_list.lst

      myserver_pprd = 
         (DESCRIPTION = 
         (ADDRESS_LIST = 
             (ADDRESS = 
               (PROTOCOL = TCP)
               (Host = 123.45.67.89) -- whatever host IP has PPRD
               (Port = 1521)
             )
             (ADDRESS = 
               (PROTOCOL = TCP)
               (Host = 234.56.78.90) -- whatever host IP has PPRD2
               (Port = 1521)
             )
         )
         (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = PPRD)
         )
       )

   1) after:
         PFILE=${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/init${ORACLE_SID}.ora
      add:
         SPFILE=${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/spfile${ORACLE_SID}.ora
   2) replace:
         if [ -f $PFILE ] ; then
      with:
         if [ -f $PFILE -o -f $SPFILE ] ; then

   Change the primary database name the secondary instance name (PPRD2) before shutting it
   down to do the copy (see 3.2.2.1 above):
      shutdown normal
      startup mount
      !nid target=sys/<syspassword> dbname=PPRD2 setname=YES
         answer Y
      shutdown normal
   Copy the primary database to the standby directory (see 3.2.2.2 above):
      !sh cp_standby.shl
   Create the standby control file (see 3.2.3 above):
      startup
      select replace(value,'/PPRD/','/PPRD2/') from v$parameter where name = 'control_files';
      alter database create standby controlfile as '/orcl/oradata/PPRD2/ctrl_PPRD_01.ctl';
   Change the primary database name back to the primary instance name (PPRD):
      shutdown normal
      !nid target=sys/<syspassword> dbname=PPRD setname=YES
         answer Y
      alter database open;
      exit

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